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Help in the hunt for neutrinos while exploring deep-sea ecosystems

The Deep Sea Explorers project is calling for volunteers to help remove noise from data collected by a neutrino telescope at the bottom of the sea, finds Layal Liverpool

Launching vehicle loaded with an ORCA type detection unit KM3NeT - LOM-on-anchor.jpg KM3NeT the next generation neutrino telescopes KM3NeT is a research infrastructure housing the next generation neutrino telescopes. Once completed, the telescopes will have detector volumes between megaton and several cubic kilometres of clear sea water. Located in the deepest seas of the Mediterranean, KM3NeT will open a new window on our Universe, but also contribute to the research of the properties of the elusive neutrino particles. With the ARCA telescope, KM3NeT scientists will search for neutrinos from distant astrophysical sources such as supernovae, gamma ray bursters or colliding stars. The ORCA telescope is the instrument for KM3NeT scientists studying neutrino properties exploiting neutrinos generated in the Earth's atmosphere. Arrays of thousands of optical sensors will detect the faint light in the deep sea from charged particles originating from collisions of the neutrinos and the Earth. The facility will also house instrumentation for Earth and Sea sciences for long-term and on-line monitoring of the deep sea environment and the sea bottom at depth of several kilometers.

I AM heading under the sea to help physicists find traces of one of the universe’s most mysterious particles. You can join me by participating in the , which is looking for volunteers to remove noise from data collected by the (KM3NeT) at the bottom of the Mediterranean Sea.

Neutrinos are tiny, invisible elementary particles that are extremely elusive and difficult to observe under normal conditions. But when neutrinos interact with matter, the resulting charged particles that are produced emit shock waves of bluish light known as Cherenkov radiation, which KM3NeT can detect. Because it is located deep under the sea, the telescope is shielded from other light emissions, such as from the sun or moon above, as well as from cosmic radiation.

Since the sea is also teeming with life, researchers analysing data from the telescope must filter out background sounds and light in the water in order to home in on real neutrino observations. In particular, sounds produced by marine mammals can interfere with the telescope’s acoustic triangulation system, while bioluminescence in the deep sea can mix with the Cherenkov radiation that the telescope is designed to detect.

You can help distinguish the signal from the noise by browsing observations from the telescope online and classifying background sounds, such as whale clicks, as well interfering light from bioluminescent life. There is a tutorial explaining how to classify them on the project’s website.

Thousands of people have participated in the Deep Sea Explorers effort since it launched in 2019. In addition to helping physicists pinpoint true neutrino observations, the classifications made by volunteers online are contributing to deep-sea marine biology research.

“This is not just about the universe, it’s about the beautiful world we have at the bottom of our sea,” says at the Catholic University of Louvain in Belgium, one of the .

As a neutrino astronomer, she hopes to use the information gleaned from the project to help in her search for low-energy neutrinos coming from the sun, as well as from astronomical events such as supernovae. The classifications from volunteers are already helping to train artificial intelligence to quickly filter out true neutrino signals from background noise.

That very same background noise provides data for marine biologists, who are using the information on sound and light produced by organisms under the sea to learn more about deep-sea ecosystems and whale behaviour. “I like to say that the noise of someone is the signal of someone else,” says Wilberts De Wasseige.

Layal Liverpool is a science journalist based in Berlin. She believes everyone can be a scientist, including you. @layallivs

What you need

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Topics: Physics / sea life